Curriculum Vitae
SEYMOUR BENZER
Born: October 15, 1921, New York City
Present Position: James Griffin Boswell Professor of Neuroscience, Emeritus (Active)
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
Education: Brooklyn College, B.S. (Physics), 1942; Purdue University, M.S., 1943, Ph.D., 1947 (Physics)
Positions Held: 1945-1953, Physics Department, Purdue University, Instructor, 1945-47, Assistant Professor, 1947-53, Associate Professor, 1953-58; 1958-1967, Biology Department, Purdue University, Professor, 1958-61, Stuart Distinguished Professor, 1961-67; 1967-present, Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Professor of Biology, 1967-75, James Griffin Boswell Professor of Neuroscience, 1975-1992, Emeritus (Active)-present
Postdoctoral Experience: Summer, 1948--Phage Course, Cold Spring Harbor; 1948-49--Biophysicist, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; 1949-51—Postdoctoral Research Fellow, California Institute of Technology (with M. DelbrŸck); 1951-52—Fulbright Research Fellow, Pasteur Institute, Paris (with A. Lwoff, F. Jacob, J. Monod); 1957-58—Senior National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow, Cambridge University, England (with F. H. Crick, S. Brenner); Summer, 1959—Embryology Course, Woods Hole; 1965-67—Visiting Associate, California Institute of technology (with R. W. Sperry); Summer, 1966—Neurobiology Course, Woods Hole; Summers of 1964- and 1967-1971—Visiting Scientist, Salk Institute; Summer, 1975—Neurophysiology of the Leech Course, Cold Spring Harbor.
Professional Societies: National Academy of Sciences; Foreign Member, Royal Society (London); Foreign Member, French Academy of Sciences; Foreign Member, Royal Academy of Sciences of Spain; Honorary Fellow, Indian Academy of Sciences; American Academy of Arts and Sciences; American Philosophical Society; Honorary Lifetime Member, N.Y. Academy of Sciences; Harvey Society (Hon.); Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science; Biophysical Society; Genetics Society of America; Genetics Society of Japan (Hon.); Society for Neuroscience; American Society for Cell Biology
Honors:
Award of Honor, Brooklyn College, 1956;
Sigma Xi Research Award, Purdue University, 1957;
Ricketts Award, University of Chicago, 1961;
City College Chemistry Alumni Award, 1962;
Gairdner Award of Merit (Canada), 1964;
McCoy Research Award, Purdue University, 1965;
D.Sc. (Hon.) Purdue University, 1968;
Lasker Award, 1971;
D.Sc. (Hon.) Columbia University, 1974;
T. Duckett Jones Award, Helen Hay Whitney Foundation, 1975;
Prix Charles Leopold Mayer, French Academy of Sciences, 1975;
Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize, Columbia University, 1976;
Harvey Prize, Israel, 1977; Warren Triennial Prize, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1977;
D.Sc. (Hon.) Yale University, 1977;
D.Sc. (Hon.) Brandeis University, 1978;
D.Sc. (Hon.) City University of New York, 1978;
Dickson Prize, Carnegie Mellon University, 1978;
Mr. and Mrs. John Jaffe Prize, Royal Society (London), 1982;
Docteur Honoris Causa, University of Paris, 1983;
National Medal of Science (USA), 1983;
Rosenstiel Award, Brandeis University, 1986;
Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal, Genetics Soc. of America, 1986;
Karl Spencer Lashley Award, American Philosophical Society, 1988;
Ralph W. Gerard Medal, Society for Neuroscience, 1989;
Helmerich Award, Retina Research Foundation, 1990;
Wolf Prize for Medicine, Israel, 1991;
Bristol-Myers-Squibb Award for Neuroscience, 1992;
Crafoord Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1993;
D.Sc. (Hon.) The Rockefeller University, 1993;
Mendel Award, Genetical Society of Great Britain, 1994;
Antonio Feltrinelli Award, Accademia dei Lincei (Rome), 1994;
D.Sc. (Hon.) Watson School of Biological Sciences, 1999;
International Prize for Biology, Japan, 2000;
Passano Award, 2001;
Award in the Neurosciences, National Academy of Sciences, 2001;
March of Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology, 2002;
Pasarow Award in Medical Research, 2002;
Bower Award for Brain Research, 2004;
Gairdner International Award, 2004;
Peter Gruber Award for Neuroscience, 2004
Special Lectures:
Harvey Lecturer, 1961, NIH Lecturer, 1970; Phillips Lecturer, Haverford College, 1970; Korkes Lecturer, Duke University, 1971; Steinhaus Lecturer, University of California, 1972; Shaffer Lecturer, Washington University, 1973; Steenbock Lecturer, University of Wisconsin, 1974; Schultz Lecturer, Fox Chase Institute, 1974; Marrs-McLean Lecturer, Baylor University, 1975; Centennial Lecturer, Johns Hopkins University, 1975; Linus Pauling Lecturer, Stanford University, 1977; National Lecturer, Biophysical Society, 1977; Grass Lecturer, Neuroscience Society, 1978; Jacques Monod Memorial Lecturer, Pasteur Institute, 1979; Gordon Tompkins Memorial Lecturer, U.C., San Francisco, 1979; Prather Lecturer, Harvard University, 1982; Croonian Lecture, Royal Society, London, 1982; George Streisinger Memorial Lecturer, University of Oregon, 1984; Marjorie Guthrie Memorial Lecture, N.I.H., 1986; Stephen Kuffler Memorial Lecture, Harvard, 1987; Du Pont Lecture, University of Arizona, 1988; Basic Neurochemistry Lecture, American Society for Neurochemistry, 1990, Centennial Lecture, Stanford University, 1991. History of Neuroscience Lecture, Society for Neuroscience, 1999. Year 2000 Presidential Lecture, American Academy of Neurology. Year 2000 History of Genetics Lecture, Annual Drosophila Research Conference. Moore Memorial Lecture, American Association of Neuropathologists, 2000. UCLA School of Medicine Annual Lecture, 2001.
Publications
I. PHYSICS PERIOD
1. Benzer, S. The high voltage germanium rectifier. Experimental, NDRC Division 14 Report #342, November 1, 1944.
2. Benzer, S. The high voltage germanium rectifier. Theoretical, NDRC Division 14 Report #375, December 26, 1944.
3. Benzer, S. Temperature dependence of high voltages germanium rectifiers. NDRC Division 14 Report, October 31, 1945.
4. Benzer, S. Photoelectric effects in germanium. NDRC Division 14 Report #580, October 31, 1945.
5. Benzer, S. High voltage and photosensitive characteristics in germanium. Physical Review 69, 683 (1946).
6. Benzer, S. The photodiode and photopeak characteristics in germanium. Physical Review 70, 105 (1946).
7. Perfectionnements aux dispositifs electriques comportant un semiconducteur. French Brevet d'Invention No. 930, 783. Issued August 25, 1947.
8. Benzer, S. Ge-Ge Contacts. Physical Review 71, 141 (1947).
9. Benzer, S. Photoelectric effects in germanium. Ph.D. Thesis, Purdue University, February, 1947.
10. Benzer, S. Spontaneous electrical oscillations in germanium crystals. Physical Review 72, 531 (1947).
11. Benzer, S. Excess-defect germanium contacts. Physical Review 72, 1267 (1947).
12. Benzer, S. Photoelectric effects and their relation to rectification at metal semi-conductor contacts. Physical Review 73, 1256 (1948).
13. Benzer, S. Hall effect in metal-semi-conductor point contacts. Physical Review 76, 760 (1949).
14. Benzer, S. High inverse voltage germanium rectifiers. J. Appl. Phys. 20, 804 (1949).
15. Benzer, S. Electrical device with germanium alloys. U.S. Patent No. 2,504,627, issued April 18, 1950.
16. Benzer, S. Electrical device with germanium alloys. U.S. Patent No. 2,504,628, issued April 18, 1950.
17. Lark-Horovitz, K., Benzer, S. and Davis, R. E. Photoelectric and thermoelectric device utilizing semiconducting material. U.S. Patent No. 2,588,254, issued March 4, 1952.
18. Benzer, S. Photovoltaic device. U.S. Patent No. 2,622,117, issued December 16, 1952.
19. Benzer, S. and Lark-Horovitz, K. Rectifier. U.S. Patent No. 2,646,536, issued July 21, 1953.
II. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PERIOD
20. Benzer, S., DelbrŸck, M., Dulbecco, R., Hudson, W., Stent, G. S., Watson, J. D., Weidel, W., Weigle, J. J. and Wollman, E. L. A syllabus on Procedures, Facts, and Interpretations in Phage. In: Viruses 1950 (ed. M. DelbrŸck) California Institute of Technology Bookstore, 1950.
21. Benzer, S. Book review on Progress in Biophysics, Vol. 1, 1950. In: Rev. Sci. Instr. (1951).
22. Benzer, S. Resistance to ultraviolet light as an index to the reproduction of bacteriophage. J. Bact. 63, 59-72 (1952).
23. Benzer, S. and Jacob, F. ƒtude du dŽveloppement du bactŽriophage au moyen d'irradiations par la lumire ultra-violette. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur 84, 186 (1953).
24. Benzer, S. Induced synthesis of enzymes in bacteria analysed at the cellular level. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 11, 383-395 (1953).
25. Lennox, E. S., Luria, S. E. and Benzer, S. The mechanism of photoreactivation of ultraviolet-inactivated bacteriophage. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 15, 471-474 (1954).
26. Benzer, S. Fine structure of a genetic region in bacteriophage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 41, 344-354 (1955).
27. Benzer, S. Genetic fine structure and its relation to the DNA molecule. Brookhaven Symposia in Biology 8, 3-5 (1956).
28. Benzer, S. The Elementary Units of Heredity. Proc. Intl. Genetics Symp. p. 532 (1956).
29. Benzer, S. The Elementary Units of Heredity. In: The Chemical Basis of Heredity, (eds. W. D. McElroy and B. Glass). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1957, pp. 70-93.
30. Benzer, S. and Freese, E. Induction of specific mutations with 5-bromouracil. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 44, 112-119 (1958).
31. Benzer, S. and Ingram, V. M. Three varieties of human hemoglobin D. Nature 182, 852-853 (1958).
32. Brenner, S., Benzer, S. and Barnett, L. Distribution of proflavin-induced mutations in the genetic fine structure. Nature 182, 983-985 (1958).
33. Brenner, S., Streisinger, G., Horne, R. W., Champe, S. P., Barnett, L., Benzer, S. and Rees, M. W. Structural components of bacteriophage. J. Mol. Biol. 1, 281-292 (1959).
34. Benzer, S. On the topology of the genetic fine structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 45, 1607-1620 (1959).
35. Benzer, S. On the topography of the genetic fine structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 47, 403-415 (1961).
36. Benzer, S. and Champe, S. P. Ambivalent rII mutants of phage T4. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 47, 1025-1038 (1961).
37. Benzer, S. and Weisblum, B. On the species specificity of acceptor RNA and attachment enzymes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 47, 1149-1154 (1961).
38. Nomura, M. and Benzer, S. The nature of the "deletion" mutants in the rII region of phage T4. J. Mol. Biol. 3, 684-692 (1961).
39. Benzer, S. Genetic Fine Structure. Harvey Lectures 56, Academic Press, Inc., New York (1961).
40. Benzer, S. The Fine Structure of the Gene. Scientific American, January 1962.
41. Champe, S. P. and Benzer, S. Reversal of mutant phenotypes by 5-fluorouracil: An approach to nucleotide sequences in messenger RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 48, 532-546 (1962).
42. Champe, S. P. and Benzer, S. An active cistron fragment. J. Mol. Biol. 4, 288-292 (1962).
43. Chapeville, F., Lipmann, F., von Ehrenstein, G., Weisblum, B., Ray, W. J., Jr. and Benzer, S. On the role of soluble ribonucleic acid in coding for amino acids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 48, 1086-1092 (1962).
44. Benzer, S. and Champe, S. P. A change from nonsense to sense in the genetic code. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 48, 1114-1121 (1962).
45. Weisblum, B., Benzer, S. and Holley, R. W. A physical basis for degeneracy in the amino acid code. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 48, 1440-1454 (1962).
46. von Ehrenstein, G., Weisblum, B. and Benzer, S. The function of sRNA as amino acid adaptor in the synthesis of hemoglobin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 49, 669-675 (1963).
47. Weisblum, B., Gonano, F., von Ehrenstein, G. and Benzer, S. A demonstration of coding degeneracy for leucine in the synthesis of protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 53, 328-334 (1965).
48. Benzer, S. Adventures in the rII region. In: Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory of Quantitative Biology, New York, pp. 157-165, 1966.
III. BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY PERIOD
49. Benzer, S. Behavioral mutants of Drosophila isolated by countercurrent distribution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 58, 1112-1119 (1967).
50. Benzer, S. Genes and Behavior. Engineering and Science, California Institute of Technology 32, 50-52 (1968).
51. Hotta, Y. and Benzer, S. Abnormal electroretinograms in visual mutants of Drosophila. Nature 222, 354-356 (1969).
52. Merriam, J. R. and Benzer, S. Genetic mapping of behavioral mutants in Drosophila by countercurrent distribution. Genetics 61, Supplement s. 40 (1969). (Abstract)
53. Hotta, Y. and Benzer, S. Genetic dissection of the Drosophila nervous system by means of mosaics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 67, 1156-1163 (1970).
54. Konopka, R. J. and Benzer, S. Clock mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68, 2112-2116 (1971).
55. Benzer, S. Lasker Award Lecture: From the Gene to Behavior. J. Am. Med. Assn. 218, 1015-1022 (1971).
56. Benzer, S. From the gene to behavior. Engineering and Science, California Institute of Technology, 35,4-11 (1972).
57. Hotta, Y. and Benzer, S. Mapping of behavior in Drosophila mosaics. Nature 240, 527-535 (1972).
58. Hotta, Y. and Benzer, S. Mapping of behavior in Drosophila mosaics. In: 31st Symposium of the Society for Development Biology (ed. F. Ruddle). Academic Press, New York, pp. 129-167, 1973.
59. Benzer, S. Genetic dissection of behavior. Scientific American, December 1973, pp. 24-37.
60. Benzer, S. Where behavior begins. Engineering and Science, California Institute of Technology, 37, 6-11 (1974).
61. Quinn, William G., Harris, W. A. and Benzer, S. Conditioned behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71, 708-712 (1974).
62. Dudai, Y., Jan, Y.-N., Byers, D., Quinn, W. G. and Benzer, S. dunce, a mutant of Drosophila deficient in learning. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 1684-1688 (1976).
63. Ready, D. F., Hanson, T. F. and Benzer, S. Development of the Drosophila retina, a neurocrystalline lattice. Dev. Biol. 53, 217-240 (1976).
64. Siddiqi, O. and Benzer, S. Neurophysiological defects in temperature-sensitive paralytic mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 3253-3257 (1976).
65. Hotta, Y. and Benzer, S. Courtship in Drosophila mosaics: sex-specific foci for sequential action patterns. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 4154-4158 (1976).
66. Wu, C. F., Ganetzky, B., Jan, L. Y., Jan, Y. N. and Benzer, S. A Drosophila mutant with a temperature-sensitive block in nerve conduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 4047-4051 (1978).
67. Fujita, S. C., Zipursky, S. L., Benzer, S., Ferrus, A. and Shotwell, S. L. Monoclonal antibodies against the Drosophila nervous system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 7929-7933 (1982).
68. Miller, C. A., and Benzer, S. Monoclonal antibody cross-reactions between Drosophila and human brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 7641-7645 (1983).
69. Zipursky, S. L., Venkatesh, T. R., Teplow, D. T. and Benzer, S. Neuronal development in the Drosophila retina: Monoclonal antibodies as molecular probes. Cell 36, 15-26 (1984).
70. Zipursky, S. L., Venkatesh, T. R. and Benzer, S. From monoclonal antibody to gene for a neuron-specific glycoprotein in Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 1855-1859 (1985).
71. Venkatesh, T. R., Zipursky, S. L. and Benzer, S. Molecular analysis of the development of the compound eye of Drosophila. Trends in Neurosciences 8, 251-257 (1985).
72. Banerjee, U., Renfranz, P. J., Pollock, J. A. and Benzer, S. Molecular characterization and expression of sevenless, a gene involved in neuronal pattern formation in the Drosophila eye. Cell 49, 281-291 (1987).
73. Banerjee, U., Renfranz, P. J., Hinton, D. R., Rabin, B. A. and Benzer, S. The sevenless protein is expressed apically in cell membranes of developing Drosophila retina; it is not restricted to cell R7. Cell 51, 151-158 (1987).
74. Ballinger, D. G. and Benzer, S. Photophobe (Ppb): A Drosophila mutant with a reversed sign of phototaxis; the mutant gene shows an allele-specific interaction with sevenless. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 3960-3964 (1988).
75. Pollock, J. A. and Benzer, S. Transcript localization of four opsin genes in the three visual organs in Drosophila; RH2 is ocellus specific. Nature 333, 779-782 (1988).
76. Renfranz, P. and Benzer, S. Monoclonal antibody probes discriminate early and late mutant defects in development of the Drosophila retina. Dev. Biol. 136, 411-329 (1989).
77. Palazzolo, M. J., Hyde, D. R., Vijay Raghavan, K., Mecklenburg, K., Benzer, S. and Meyerowitz, E. Isolation and characterization of 436 Drosophila cDNA clones corresponding to RNAs expressed in the adult head but not detected in the early embryo using a new cloning strategy. Neuron 3, 527-539 (1989).
78. Ballinger, D. G. and Benzer, S. Targeted gene mutations in Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 9402-9406 (1989).
79. Hyde, D. R., Mecklenburg, K.L., Pollock, J. A., Vihtelic, T. S. and Benzer, S. Twenty Drosophila visual system cDNA clones: one is a homolog of human arrestin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 1008-1012 (1990).
80. Pollock, J. A., Ellisman, M. H. and Benzer, S. Subcellular localization of transcripts in Drosophila photoreceptor neurons: chaoptic mutants have an aberrant distribution. Genes and Development 4, 806-821 (1990).
81. Benzer, S. The fly and eye. The 1990 Helmerich Award Lecture. In: Development of the Visual System (Proceedings of the Retina Research Foundation Symposia, Vol. 3) (eds. Dominic Man-Kit Lam and Carla Shatz). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 9-34 (1991).
82. Benzer, S. Molecular neurogenetics: forward, reverse, and sideways. In: Neural Development, Discussions in Neuroscience, Vol. VII, issue 2+3 (eds. T. Wiesel, D. Anderson, and L. Katz). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 15-17 (1991).
83. Liu, X., Zwiebel, L. J., Hinton, D., Benzer, S., Hall, J. C.and Rosbash, M. The period gene encodes a predominantly nuclear protein in adult Drosophila. J. Neurosci. 12, 2735-2744 (1992).
84. Bonini, N., Leiserson, W. and Benzer, S. The eyes absent gene: genetic control of cell survival and differentiation in the developing Drosophila eye. Cell 72, 379-395 (1993).
85. Buchanan, R. L. and Benzer, S. Defective glia in the Drosophila brain degeneration mutant drop-dead. Neuron 10, 839-850 (1993).
86. Martin, J. H., Benzer, S., Rudnicka, M. and Miller, C. A. Calphotin: A Drosophila photoreceptor cell-specific calcium-binding protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90, 1530-1535 (1993).
87. Hayward, D. C., Delaney, S. J., Campbell, H. D., Ghysen, A., Benzer, S., Kasprzak, A. B., Cotsell, J. N., Young, L. G. and Miklos, G. L. G. The sluggish-A gene of Drosophila melanogaster is expressed in the nervous system and encodes the mitochondrial enzyme proline oxidase involved in glutamate synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 2979-2983 (1993).
88. Choi, K.-W. and Benzer, S. Migration of glia along photoreceptor axons in the developing Drosophila eye. Neuron 12, 423-431 (1994).
89. Zinsmaier, K. E., Eberle, K. K., Buchner, E. and Benzer, S. Paralysis and early death in cysteine string protein mutants of Drosophila. Science 263, 977-980 (1994).
90. Oh, C. E., McMahon, R., Benzer, S. and Tanouye, M. A. bendless, a Drosophila gene affecting neuronal connectivity encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme homolog. J. Neurosci. 14, 3166-3179 (1994).
91. Mozer, B. A. and Benzer, S. Ingrowth by photoreceptor axons induces transcription of a retrotransposon in the developing Drosophila brain. Development 120, 1049-1058 (1994).
92. Choi, K.-W. and Benzer, S. Rotation of photoreceptor clusters in the developing Drosophila eye requires the nemo gene. Cell 78, 125-136 (1994).
93. Leiserson, W. M., Bonini, N. M. and Benzer, S. Transvection at the eyes absent gene of Drosophila. Genetics 138, 1171-1179 (1994).
94. Umbach, J. A., Zinsmaier, K. E., Eberle, K. K., Buchner, E., Benzer, S. and Gundersen, C. B. Presynaptic dysfunction in Drosophila csp mutants. Neuron 13, 899-902 (1994).
95. Landmarks in Neuroscience: Reprinting of BenzerÕs original PNAS paper of 1967, with interviews of S. Benzer and B. Ganetzky. J. NIH Res. 6, 66-73 (1994).
96. Benzer, S. 1994. Feltrinelli Award Lecture: Neurogenetics of Behavior in the Fruit Fly, Drosophila. Adunanze Straordinairie per il Conferimento dei Premi A. Feltrinelli, Vol III, Fasc-8, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, 1995.
97. Sayeed, O. and Benzer, S. Behavioral genetics of thermosensation and hygrosensation in Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 6079-6084 (1996).
98. Choi, K-W, Mozer, B. and Benzer, S. Independent determination of symmetry and polarity in the Drosophila eye. Proc. Natl. Sci. USA 93, 5737-5741 (1996).
99. Hryshko, L.V., Matsuoka, S., Nicoll, D.A., Weiss, J.N., Schwarz, E.M., Benzer, S. and Philipson, K.D. Anomalous regulation of the Drosophila Na+ -C2+ exchanger by Ca2+. J. Gen. Physiol. 108, 67-74 (1996).
100. Davis, C.A. and Benzer, S. Generation of cDNA expression libraries enriched for in-frame sequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 2128-2132 (1997).
101. Tix, S., Eule, E., Fischbach, K-F. and Benzer, S. Glia in the chiasms and medulla of the Drosophila meloganaster optic lobes. Cell and Tissue Research 289, 397-409 (1997).
102. Rogina, B., Benzer, S. and Helfand, S.L. Drosophila drop-dead mutations accelerate the time course of age-related markers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 6303-6306 (1997).
103. Kretzschmar, D., Hasan, G., Sharma, S., Heisenberg, M. and Benzer, S. The swiss cheese mutant causes glial hyperwrapping and brain degeneration in Drosophila. J. Neurosci. 17, 7425-7432 (1997).
104. Schwarz, E.M. and Benzer, S. Calx, a sodium-calcium exchanger of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 10249-10254 (1997).
105. Min, Kyung-Tai and Benzer, S. Wolbachia, normally a symbiont of Drosophila, can be virulent, causing degeneration and early death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 10792-10796 (1997).
106. Min, Kyung-Tai and Benzer, S. spongecake and eggroll, two hereditary diseases in Drosophila resemble patterns of human brain degeneration. Current Biology 7, 885-888 (1997).
107. Bonini, N., Leiserson, W. and Benzer, S. Multiple roles of the eyes absent gene in Drosophila. Dev. Biol. 196, 42-57 (1998).
108. Bonini, N. M., Benzer, S. and Leiserson, W. M. Programmed cell death antagonist protein. U.S. Patent No. 5,679,541, issued Oct. 21 (1997).
109. Leiserson, W. M., Bonini, N. M. and Benzer, S. Dual functions of the Drosophila eyes absent gene in the eye and embryo. Mech. Dev. 73, 193-202 (1998).
110. Lin, Y.-J., Seroude, L. and Benzer, S. Extended lifespan and stress resistance in the Drosophila mutant methuselah. Science 282, 943-946 (1998).
111. Min, Kyung-Tai and Benzer, S. Prevention of neurodegeneration in the Drosophila mutant bubblegum.. Science 284, 1985-1988 (1999).
112. Friedrich, M. and Benzer, S. Divergent decapentaplegic expression patters in compound eye development and the evolution of insect metamorphosis. Molecular and Developental Evolution 288,39-55 (2000).
113. Kazemi-Esfarjani, P., and Benzer, S. Genetic suppression of polyglutamine toxicity in Drosophila. Science 287, 1837-1840 (2000).
114. West, A.P., Jr, Llamas, L.L., Snow, P., Benzer, S., and Bjorkman, P.J. Crystal structure of the ectodomain of Methuselah: a Drosophila GCPR associated with extended lifespan. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 98, 3744-3749 (2001).
115. Lin, Yi-Jyun and Benzer, S. U.S. Patent 6,303,768. Methuselah gene, compositions and methods of use. October 16, 2001.
116. Kang, H-L, Benzer, S., and Min, K-T. Life extension of Drosophila by feeding a drug . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA 99, 838-843 (2002).
117. Kazemi-Esfarjani, P. and Benzer, S. Suppression of polyglutamine toxicity by a Drosophila homologue of myeloid leukemia factor 1. Human Molecular Genetics 11, 2657-2672 (2002).
118. Seroude, L., Brummel, T., Kapahi, P., and Benzer, S. Spatio-temporal analysis of gene expression during aging in Drosophila melanogaster. Aging Cell 1, 47-56 (2002).
119. Song, W., Ranjan, R., Dawson-Scully, K., Bronk, P. Marin, L., Seroude, L., Lin, Y-J., Nie, Z., Atwood, H.L., Benzer, S. and Zinsmaier, K.E. Presynaptic regulation of neurotransmission in Drosophila by the G-protein coupled receptor Methuselah. Neuron 36, 105-119 (2002).
120. Simon, A.F., Shih, C., Mack, A. and Benzer, S. Steroid control of longevity in Drosophila melanogaster. Science 299, 1407-1410 (2003).
121. Tracey Jr., W.D., Wilson, R.I., Laurent, G. and Benzer, S. painless, a Drosophila gene essential for nociception. Cell 113, 261-273 (2003).
122. Min, K-T and Benzer, S. Methods and compositions for modulating neurodegeneration. U.S. Patent 6,664,039, December 16, 2003.
123. Kapahi, P., Zid, B.M., Harper, T., Koslover, D., Sapin, V. and Benzer, S. Regulation of lifespan in Drosophila by modulation of genes in the TOR signaling pathway. Current Biology 14, 885-890 (2004).
124. Walker, D.W. and Benzer, S. Mitochondrial swirls induced by oxygen stress and in the Drosophila mutant hyperswirl. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA 101, 10290-10296 (2004).
125. Wang, H.-D., Kazemi-Esfarjani, P. and Benzer, S. Multiple stress analysis for isolation of Drosophila longevity genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 101, 12610-12615 (2004).
126. Brummel, T., Ching, A., Seroude, L., Simon, A.F. and Benzer, S. Drosophila lifespan enhancement by endogenous bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 101, 12974-12979 (2004).
127. Suh, G.S.B., Wong, A.M., Hergarden, A.C., Wang, J.W., Simon, A.F., Benzer, S., Axel, R. and Anderson, D.J. A single poplulation of olfactory sensory neurons mediates aninnate avoidance behavior in Drosophila. Nature, 431, 854-859 (2004).
128. Carvalho, G.B., Kapahi, P. and Benzer, S. Compensatory ingestion upon dietary restriction in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature Methods, 2, 813-815 (2005).
129. Tracey Jr., W.D. and Benzer, S. Methods and compositions associated with nociceptive pain. U.S. Patent 7,018,617, March 28, 2006.
130. Walker, D. W., Muffat, J., Rundel, C., and Benzer, S. Overexpression of a Drosophila homolog of Apolipoprotein D leads to increased stress resistance and extended lifespan. Current Biology, 16, 674-679 (2006).
131. Carvalho, G.B., Kaphahi, P., Anderson, D.J. and Benzer, S. Allocrine modulation of feeding behavior by the sex peptide of Drosophila. Current Biology, 16, 692-696 (2006).
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